How Does Diabetic Macular Edema Affect Your Vision?

Submitted by Michael J. Elman, M.D. on May 27, 2025
Diabetic eye disease in Catonsville, Pikesville, Glen

Diabetes affects the body in many ways, including vision. One of the most serious complications is diabetic macular edema (DME), a condition that occurs when fluid leaks into the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. Over time, this swelling can cause significant vision loss, making it difficult to read, drive, or recognize faces.

At Elman Retina Group, Dr. Michael J. Elman, Dr. Sidney A. Schechet, and Dr. David Dao provide specialized care for diabetic eye diseases, helping you manage your condition and preserve your sight.

How Diabetes Leads to Vision Problems

Diabetes can weaken the blood vessels in the retina, leading to a condition known as diabetic retinopathy. As the disease progresses, damaged blood vessels begin to leak fluid, causing swelling in the macula. This fluid buildup interferes with normal vision, leading to blurriness, distortion, and difficulty focusing on fine details.

Diabetic macular edema can develop at any stage of diabetic retinopathy. The risk increases for individuals with uncontrolled blood sugar, high blood pressure, or high cholesterol. While it is more common in those who have had diabetes for many years, it can affect anyone with the disease.

Warning Signs of Diabetic Macular Edema

DME often develops gradually, making it difficult to notice in the early stages. You may only realize something is wrong when your vision becomes significantly impaired. Common symptoms include:

  • Blurry or distorted central vision
  • Difficulty reading or recognizing faces
  • Faded or dull colors
  • Dark spots or blind areas in vision
  • Increased sensitivity to bright lights

Because early symptoms can be subtle, routine eye exams are essential for detecting DME before it causes serious damage.

Effective Treatments Can Slow or Stop Vision Loss

At Elman Retina Group, advanced treatments are available to manage DME and prevent further vision loss. The best approach depends on the severity of the condition but may include:

  • Anti-VEGF injections, which reduce swelling and slow the progression of vision loss
  • Laser therapy to seal leaking blood vessels and prevent additional fluid buildup
  • Corticosteroid injections to control inflammation and stabilize vision

Controlling blood sugar levels is also a critical part of managing DME. Maintaining stable glucose levels can reduce the risk of complications and improve the effectiveness of treatments.

Take Action to Protect Your Vision

Diabetic macular edema is a leading cause of vision loss in people with diabetes, but early detection and treatment can help preserve your sight. If you have diabetes and notice any changes in your vision, schedule an appointment with the talented eye doctors at Elman Retina Group. Call (410) 686-3000 to learn more about available treatment options.